Fig. 6: The impairment effect of sclerostin on lipid and glucose metabolism in 3T3-L1 cells (pre-adipocytes) was attenuated upon LRP4 mutation (Y200A, G201A, Y208A, H209A, C210A) in vitro.

a Binding ability of sclerostin to LRP4 by pull-down assay. b BLI analysis of the binding affinity between sclerostin and LRP4. (c) BLI analysis of the binding affinity between sclerostin loop3 and LRP4. d BLI analysis of the binding affinity between sclerostin and LRP4 in the presence of Apc001. e Binding ability of LRP4 muteins (LRP4 m46, m47, m67, m467) to sclerostin loop3 by pull-down assay for identifying the binding residues on LRP4 to sclerostin loop3. f TOP-Wnt luciferase signaling in 3T3-L1 cells with expression of LRP4 or LRP4 mutein in vitro in the presence of sclerostin. g Lipid droplet formation staining (upper) and quantification (lower) in 3T3-L1 cells with expression of LRP4 or LRP4 mutein in vitro in the presence of sclerostin. Scale bars, 100 μm. h qPCR analysis of lipid anabolism markers in 3T3-L1 cells with expression of LRP4 or LRP4 mutein in vitro in the presence of sclerostin. (i) qPCR analysis of lipid catabolism markers in 3T3-L1 cells with expression of LRP4 or LRP4 mutein in vitro in the presence of sclerostin. (j) qPCR analysis of glucose metabolism markers in 3T3-L1 cells with expression of LRP4 or LRP4 mutein in vitro in the presence of sclerostin. k Glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 cells with expression of LRP4 or LRP4 mutein in vitro in the presence of sclerostin. l Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 cells with expression of LRP4 or LRP4 mutein in vitro in the presence of sclerostin. Note: 3T3-L1 cells: pre-adipocytes. PD: pull-down. n = 3 biologically independent samples. All data were expressed as mean ± SD. Statistical significance was calculated using unpaired t-test. ns no significance. All tests were two-sided.