Fig. 3: Decay curve analysis and reproduction via GA/PSO optimization. | Nature Communications

Fig. 3: Decay curve analysis and reproduction via GA/PSO optimization.

From: Resolving energy transfer dynamics in Eu²⁺-activated multi-site phosphors via metaheuristic optimization and physics-informed neural networks

Fig. 3: Decay curve analysis and reproduction via GA/PSO optimization.The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

a Decay curves detected at 485 and 545 nm along with their first/second derivatives and curvature plots. b Reproduced decay curves (M485 and M545) from the GA-driven Runge–Kutta process. c Reproduced decay curves from the PSO-driven Runge–Kutta process. All curves are normalized to the total number of Eu2+ activators.

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