Fig. 4: H2H bonded sample with ~ 60° interfacial lattice twist. | Nature Communications

Fig. 4: H2H bonded sample with ~ 60° interfacial lattice twist.

From: Polar discontinuities, emergent conductivity, and critical twist-angle-dependent behaviour at wafer-bonded ferroelectric interfaces

Fig. 4: H2H bonded sample with ~ 60° interfacial lattice twist.The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

A Schematic of H2H bonded sample with a ~ 60° twist. B Atomic resolution HAADF-STEM showing the niobium columns in the vicinity of the ~60° twisted H2H interface. C Lateral PFM phase map of bonded interface. D Conductive-AFM map of the bonded interface, with bias of −9.5 V applied to the sample base.

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