Fig. 5: Influence of twist upon interface polarisation state.

A Schematic of the production of a H2H sample with a twist angle ( ~ 21°). B 3D CSHG image showing the presence of three boundaries. C Lateral PFM phase of the bonded region showing a microstructural domain inversion layer at interface. D c-AFM of bonded region obtained with a bias of −9.5 V applied to the sample base. E 2D CSHG image, taken at a different bonded region to (C and D).