Fig. 5: Signalling pathways active during negative selection of T cells.

a The heatmap shows the normalised enrichment of the signalling pathways that are active within the medullary niches across the thymus ages. b The dot plot shows the gene expression of selected ligands and receptors in the cell types found in scRNA-seq data. c Spatial co-localisation of the CD74, CD44, and the cell type involved, like B cell, is marked by MS4A1. d Spatial visualisation of the significantly expressed ligand (CCL19) and receptor (CCR7) of the CCL pathway and IL3RA (aDC). e Immunostaining of human thymic slides (P: 2 m) revealed medullary enrichment of CCR7/CCL19 pathway. Two representative regions are shown from five independent regions. f Immunostaining of human thymic slides (P: 2 m) showed co-expression between EPCAM (TEC marker) and CCL19 in medulla, as indicated by white arrows, thus supporting mTECs as a source for CCL19 in cortex. Two representative regions are shown from four independent regions. g Immunostaining of human thymic slides (P: 2 m) revealed co-expression of CD3 (T cell marker) and CCR7, as indicated by white arrows, thus supporting T cells as a source for CCR7 in medulla. Two representative regions are shown from three independent regions. F fetal, P paediatric.