Fig. 5: Effect of planting 10% of pasture area with native tree species.

Mean change in absolute (a) and percentage (b) effective habitat area, high quality habitat condition, threatened species habitat and benefit for plant species persistence between 2020 to 2050 (n = 30 climate years). S1-7 = case study sheep farm 1-7, NSW New South Wales, SA South Australia, TAS Tasmania, VIC Victoria, WA Western Australia. Effective habitat area reflects the total habitat area available for biodiversity, accounting for habitat condition in each location (grid cell) and farm area. A larger value indicates a greater contribution of the farm in supporting biodiversity. High-quality habitat areas are those where the habitat condition is greater than 75%. Threatened species habitat combines spatial information on the distribution of all 1466 terrestrial nationally listed threatened species and the habitat condition data in Australia⁸⁶. Threatened species habitat was estimated by multiplying the number of threatened species that may occur in a location by the habitat condition in that location when habitat condition was above 50%. Aggregated values for each location provide the number of ‘threatened species hectares’. Higher values indicate a greater contribution of the area in providing habitat for threatened species⁸⁶. The benefit of habitat for plant species persistence enumerates the benefit of farm habitat in contributing to long-term persistence of all Australian plant species, calculated by combining habitat condition with spatial biodiversity patterns for plant species assemblages⁸⁷.