Fig. 2: Validation of uterine decellularization and characterization of the resulting ECM scaffolds.

Uterine tissues from control (Con) and decidualized (Dec) horns were analysed before (Pre) and after the decellularization process. a Macroscopic images. b Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. c Masson’s trichrome staining. d Quantification of collagen fibre area based on images in (c). e Quantification of residual DNA content. f–h Representative immunofluorescence images and quantification of mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) for Collagen I (COL1, green) (f), Collagen IV (COL4, red) (g), and Fibronectin (FN1, red) (h). Nuclei are counterstained with DAPI (blue). Scale bars, 100 µm (b, c); 50 µm (f–h). Images in (a–c) are representative of (n = 6) biologically independent samples with similar results. Data are presented as mean ± s.d. (n = 6 (d), n = 10 (e), n = 3 (f–h) biologically independent samples). Statistical significance was assessed using an unpaired two-tailed Student’s t-test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001. Detailed statistical analyses, including exact P values, test statistics (F values and degrees of freedom), and 95% confidence intervals, are provided in the Source Data file.