Fig. 5: Optimization of output performance and long-term power generation. | Nature Communications

Fig. 5: Optimization of output performance and long-term power generation.

From: Modulating thermo-diffusion/galvanic coupling via ion speciation engineering enables high-performance ionic thermoelectric cells

Fig. 5: Optimization of output performance and long-term power generation.The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

a Combination curves of thermal voltage, output current density, and instantaneous output power density for PVA-0.5/x M CuCl2/N-Cl i-TE cells (N: K+, Na+, Ca2+, Co2+, Al3+, the corresponding x: 0.5, 0.5, 0.25, 0.25, and 0.17 M). b Combination curves of thermal voltage, output current density, and instantaneous output power density for PVA-1.5/x M CuCl2/CaCl2 i-TE cells (x = 0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 M). c EIS results of the PVA-1.5/x M CuCl2/CaCl2 (x = 0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 M) i-TE cells. The inset picture is the enlarged view at high-frequency ranges. d Output voltage and current of the CP | PVA-1.5/0.25 M CuCl2/CaCl2 | CP using an i-TE generator working mode. e Output voltage and current of the CP | PVA-0.1 M CuCl2 | CP using an i-TE capacitor working mode. f Energy harvesting comparison of the i-TE generator and capacitor with different load resistances. g Diagram of the long-term power generation working mode for the i-TE generator. h Comparisons of thermal voltage, maximum output current, and energy density of CP | PVA-1.5/0.25 M CuCl2/CaCl2 | CP i-TE cell for long-term power generation. The total cycle number is twenty.

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