Fig. 4: Annual cycle of nitrous oxide (N2O) flux in the Southern Ocean.
From: Low-pressure storms drive nitrous oxide emissions in the Southern Ocean
The seasonal cycle in observed net Southern Ocean N2O flux in teragrams of nitrogen per year (Tg N yr−1), integrated by month. The observed flux (solid pink line) is compared to the seasonal cycle in fluxes calculated with: a 1 atmosphere (atm) barometric pressure (dashed line in a), b median piston velocities k (dashed line in (b), c the median seawater partial pressure of N2O (\(p{N}_{2}{O}_{{sw}}\); dashed line in (c), and d without the capping effect of sea ice (dashed line in (d)). Shading around each curve indicates the uncertainty in the area- and time-weighted fluxes, which is driven primarily by the uncertainty in the choice of gas exchange parameterization. Vertical gray shading indicates winter months (March-November).
