Fig. 3: Cholinergic changes.

A Two-group voxel-wise analysis of [18F]-FEOBV PET in our participants compared with non-gait impaired PD patients showed increased uptake in a cluster including the frontal cortex and the right anterior insula (α < 0.001, p < 0.5). B Paired voxel-wise analysis of [18F]-FEOBV PET of twelve months SCS compared with baseline in seven participants showed decreases in several regions, including the right anterior cingulate gyrus, anterior insula, motor cortex, and supplementary motor area (α < 0.01, p < 0.5). x,y,z: coordinates in the MNI space on the left-right, anterior-posterior, and inferior-superior axes, respectively. All statistical tests were two-sided, and p-values are family-wise error-corrected.