Table 6 Within-group comparisons, six months of active SCS-treatment

From: Spinal cord stimulation therapy for gait impairment in Parkinson’s disease: a double-blinded, randomised feasibility trial with an open extension

Outcome

Baseline (n = 13) mean ± SD

6-month follow-up (n = 13) mean ± SD

Difference (95%CI)

p-value, paired t-test

H&Y stage

2.38 ± 0.5

2.38 ± 0.7

0 (−0.35; 0.35)

1.0000

MOCA score, higher score is better

26.77 ± 1.8

27.08 ± 1.6

0.31 (−0.66; 1.28)

0.5016

MDS-UPDRS subscores, lower score is better:

 PIGD score

8.15 ± 3.6

6.85 ± 3.4

−1.31 (−2.47; −0.14)

0.0311 *

 LBG score

14.77 ± 4.1

11.54 ± 5.2

−3.23 (−4.52;−1.95)

0.0001 *

 Leg bradykinesia and rigidity items

10.62 ± 3.1

8.31 ± 3.1

−2.31 (−3.75;− 0.86)

0.0046 *

 Total motor score

38.31 ± 9.2

34.08 ± 10.9

−4.23 (−7.62; −0.84)

0.0187 *

Patient reported gait and balance:

 NFOG-Q score, (n = 13) lower score is better

20.00  ± 4.7

20.31 ± 5.6

0.31 (−2.65; 3.26)

0.8243

 ABC scale, (n = 11) higher score is better

56.12 ± 17.0

47.45 ± 17.2

−8.67 (−21.29; 3.96)

0.1571

 PDQ-39 mobility subscore, (n = 12) lower score is better

45.83 ± 14.2

51.67 ± 18.7

5.83 (-−3.26; 14.93)

0.1857

Objective gait and balance:

 Berg’s Balance Scale, higher score is better

50.54 ± 4.3

50.69 ± 4.2

0.15 (−2.61; 2.92)

0.9056

 TUG, sec.

11.58 ± 4.9

12.13 ± 4.9

0.55 (−1.19; 2.30)

0.5016

 TUG, with cognitive dual task sec.

14.92 ± 7.9

15.45 ± 7.2

0.52 (−3.13; 4.18)

0.7597

 TUG, with manual dual task, sec.

14.99 ± 5.8

14.34 ± 5.3

−0.65 (−3.08; 1.78)

0.5710

 Modified Figure of Eight Test, sec., (n = 12)

71.72 ± 44.4

97.94 ± 114.2

26.21 (−26.43; 78.85)

0.2965

 20 m regular walk, sec.

18.14 ± 2.7

19.14 ± 6.6

1.00 (−2.21; 4.22)

0.5106

20 m fast walk, sec.

14.45 ± 3.1

17.24 ± 11.1

2.78 (−2.88; 8.44)

0.3050

Patient reported quality of life:

 PDQ-39, (n = 12) lower score is better

29.04 ± 10.7

34.28 ± 11.8

5.24 (0.91; 9.58)

0.0221 *

 SF-36 Physical score, (n = 10) higher score is better

38.84 ± 14.4

35.50 ± 11.1

−3.35 (−10.58; 3.89)

0.3227

 SF-36 Mental score, (n = 12) higher score is better

57.62 ± 15.0

49.88 ± 19.4

−7.74 (−17.00; 1.52)

0.0930

  1. Results are presented as estimated means ±standard deviation and mean difference with p-values derived from a two-sided, paired t-test. Thirteen individuals were included in the analyses unless otherwise specified. *: Significant difference p ≤ 0.05. ABC: Activities-specific Balance Confidence scale. LBG: Lower Body and Gait subscore from the Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale. m: metres. MDS-UPDRS: Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale. MOCA: Montreal Cognitive Assessment. NFOG-Q: New Freezing of Gait Questionnaire. PIGD: Postural Instability and Gait Difficulty subscore of the MDS-UPDRS. PDQ-39: Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire. sec: seconds. SD: standard deviation. SF-36: Short Form Health Survey. TUG: Timed-up-and-go. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
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