Fig. 2: Asymmetric (and symmetric) GUVs produced using the triple-layer inverted emulsion method.
From: Engineering synthetic cells with intramembrane domains possessing distinct bilayer asymmetries
a Confocal images of symmetric GUVs (99.5 mol% POPC and 0.5 mol% DID (red color)) and b asymmetric GUVs (99 mol% POPC in both of the leaflets of the bilayer with 0.5 mol% NBD-DOPE (green color) in the inner leaflet and 0.5 mol% DID (red color) in the outer leaflet). Scale bars correspond to 50 µm. c The change in fluorescence intensity for symmetric GUVs and asymmetric GUVs induced by quenching from the addition of 10 mM sodium dithionate to the outer solution. Inserts show confocal images of exemplary GUVs before and after quenching produced via the triple-layer method (n ≤ 30, per every condition, three or more independent experiments are performed). Scale bars correspond to 5 µm. Statistical significance was determined using two-sided Mann–Whitney U test. Box plots: center line = median; box = Q1 (25th percentile)–Q3 (75th percentile); whiskers = lowest and highest values within 1.5×IQR of Q1/Q3 (Tukey); points beyond whiskers = outliers; filled dot = mean. Min/Max denote the smallest/largest observations. Error bars indicate standard deviation (SD). Data is expressed as the mean±SD. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
