Fig. 5: Stability of AEMWE supplied with DI water.
From: Local alkalinity enables high-performance pure water anion exchange membrane electrolysis
a Dissolved atomic ratios of Fe and Ni atoms from the anode NiFe oxide catalysts when pHanode varies. Note that the quantification of dissolved Fe and Ni atoms from the catalysts were carried out after operating the electrolysers at 1.9 V for 100 h. b C 1s and N 1s XPS spectra of the original and used Sustainion membrane with varied pHanode. Note that the electrolysers were dissembled after 100 h operation at 1.9 V, then the membranes were characterised by XPS. c Chronopotentiometry curve of the locally alkaline AEMWE operating at 1.0 A cm−2. d, e Local pHanode and pHcathode of locally alkaline AEMWE as a function of time, respectively. Note that the electrolyser was operated at a hydrogen current density of 500 mA cm−2. Note that the values of local pH in d and e were both averaged over measurements taken at three distinct points, and the standard deviations were marked by the error bars. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
