Fig. 6: Schematic of intelligent target recognition applications.

a Schematic of nocturnal air-to-ground recognition using UAVs to simulate the barn owl. b Schematic of the UAV’s optical capture of a target in five brightness levels. c Relationship between RMS contrast and adaptation time. The RMS contrast of an image can be defined based on the gray value of the image mapped to the normalized photocurrent under different light intensity. d Training process of the YOLOv5 network on the dataset emulated with different illuminance levels, and the network loss value converges with the increase of the training cycle. e Trend of precision, mAP_0.5 and mAP_0.5:0.95 under different training epochs. f Effect of changes in contrast during adaptation on confidence level in target recognition. g Comparison of ODAS with reported optical synaptic devices for recognition simulation.