Fig. 4: In-situ high-speed AFM results and machine learning analysis to follow the assembly of protein nanorods on f-mica.

a HS-AFM images from Supplementary Movie 2 showing the translational and rotational motion of protein rods and their assembly on f-mica along the three K+ sublattice directions into a high-density disordered phase. Scale bar equals 50 nm. b Machine learning-based workflow to recognize the protein rods in the HS-AFM images in (a), where each arrow indicates the placement and alignment of a nanorod. c Number of recognized protein rods as a function of time. d, e Nematic and smectic order parameters as a function of time, respectively, for the observed rod assembly in (a). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.