Fig. 3: Construction of heterogeneity models and selection under multidrug combinations.

a Model 1 (strain 65G) has p65G (blaCTX-M-65-eGFP) only, Model 2 (strain 249R) has p249R (blaCTX-M-249-mCherry), Model 3 is a 1:1 mixture of 65G and 249R (Heterogeneity in Two Cells, H2C). Model 4 has p65G and p249R in the same cell (Heterogeneity in Two Plasmids, H2P) and Model 5 has p65G-249R (blaCTX-M-65-eGFP + blaCTX-M-249-mCherry) in the cell (Heterogeneity in One Plasmid, H1P). b Checkerboard susceptibility assay results for the five models, evaluating the effects of co-selection by CAZ and CTX combinations. The x-axis of the checkerboard represents a gradient of increasing CAZ concentrations (from 0 to 256 mg/L), while the y-axis represents a gradient of increasing CTX concentrations (from 0 to 4096 mg/L). The gradient of blue from light to dark represents the OD600 growth at the corresponding drug combination. Mean values of three biological independent replicates are shown (n = 3). CTX cefotaxime, CAZ ceftazidime. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.