Fig. 3: Intermolecular interaction investigations.

a SSPL (dashed line) and delayed PL (solid line) spectra of 4PACz@PVA and 2CACz@PVA films with 0.5 wt.% doping concentrations; b Lifetime, photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 0.5 wt.% 4PACz@PVA and 0.5 wt.% 2CACz@PVA films. c Temperature-dependent delayed PL intensity ratios (IT/I30°C) of 0.5 wt.% 2PACz@PVA, 0.5 wt.% 4PACz@PVA and 0.5 wt.% 2CACz@PVA films. d Raman spectra of PVA, 0.5 wt.% 2PACz@PVA, 0.5 wt.% 4PACz@PVA and 0.5 wt.% 2CACz@PVA films. Calculated intermolecular binding energies (e) and interactions (f–h) of 2PACz@PVA (e, f), 2CACz@PVA (e, g), and 4PACz@PVA (e, h).