Fig. 1: Measuring the speed of the energy transition by reconstructing the energy mix of individual firms.
From: Using firm-level supply chain networks to measure the speed of the energy transition
a Hungarian supply chain network aggregated over six months. Nodes represent firms and links represent supply relations; node size corresponds to each firm’s out-strength. b Schematic micro-level view of the network distinguishing between energy-providing firms (left) and energy-consuming firms (right). Energy providers supply electricity, gas, and oil products to consuming firms. For each firm, energy consumption by carrier is obtained by converting VAT-based monetary transactions into kilowatt-hours using semi-annual energy prices. c Energy consumption portfolio of firm i in year t. Low-carbon electricity consumption, Li(t), equals electricity consumption, Ei(t), multiplied by the low-carbon share of Hungary’s electricity mix, u(t) (see “Methods”). The firm’s low-carbon share, li(t), is defined as the ratio of Li(t) to total energy consumption, Ti(t). d Low-carbon share, li(t), of firm i over the observation period. The pace of the transition toward low-carbon energy use is quantified by the decarbonization trend, δi (linear regression), and the decarbonization rate, λi (exponential fit).
