Fig. 1: PACT monitoring of whole-body CSF dynamics.
From: Photoacoustic computed tomography monitors cerebrospinal fluid dynamics and glymphatic function
a Schematic of PA imaging and IT injection. b In vivo MAP and c depth-encoded PACT images of a mouse in the dorsal plane. d Multispectral whole-body PACT images at 756, 780, 796, and 900 nm wavelengths. e MAP structure images (gray colormap) and spectrally unmixed ICG map (green colormap) in the XY and YZ plane taken at 30 min and at 24 h after IT injection of ICG. The pink arrow indicates the cisterna magna (CM), and the sky blue arrow indicates the spinal cord (SC). f Changes in PA signals over time in the SC (n = 8) and CM (n = 8) in the ICG unmixed map. g In vivo FL images obtained at 30 min and 24 h following IT injection. h Changes in FL signals over time in the SC (n = 3) and CM (n = 3). CSF cerebrospinal fluid, PACT photoacoustic computed tomography, PA photoacoustic, MAP maximum amplitude projection, ICG indocyanine green, IT intrathecal, FL fluorescence, SC spinal cord, CM cisterna magna, arb. units, arbitrary units; 1, transverse sinuses; 2, brown adipose tissue; 3, rib; 4, spleen; 5, spinal cord; 6, intestine; 7, kidney; 8, common iliac artery; All statistical data are presented as mean ± standard errors, and individual data are overlaid as dot plots.
