Fig. 2: PACT monitoring of brain CSF dynamics.
From: Photoacoustic computed tomography monitors cerebrospinal fluid dynamics and glymphatic function
a Brain PACT images in the XY plane and YZ plane of ketamine/xylazine (K/X) anesthetized mice and isoflurane (ISO) anesthetized mice. Images were captured at pre-injection and 5, 10, 20, and 30 min post-injection of ICG. Orange arrows indicate the CM. b Changes in PA signals from the CM over time (K/X: n = 8, ISO: n = 8). The shaded areas represent the standard error of each group, and the green area indicates the injection period. c Comparison of in vivo FL intensities of CM at 30 min post injection of ICG, as measured using the IVIS system (K/X: n = 3, ISO: n = 3). Comparisons were performed using an independent two-tailed t-test (t(4) = 6.31, p = 0.003, d = 5.15, 95% CI = [4.8 × 109 1.2 × 1010]). All statistical data are presented as mean ± standard errors, and each data point represents an individual animal. ***p < 0.005; CSF cerebrospinal fluid, PACT photoacoustic computed tomography, PA photoacoustic, MAP maximum amplitude projection, ICG indocyanine green, K/X ketamine/xylazine, ISO isoflurane, FL fluorescence, CM cisterna magna, arb. units, arbitrary units; Error bars represent the standard errors.
