Fig. 5: Real-time monitoring of the engine under high-concentration conditions.
A Time series of the particle’s relative position. Blue dots represent the control unfolded state, and red dots indicate the control folded state. The gray trace shows the raw trajectory of an engine undergoing stochastic folding and unfolding in the presence of RNA (10 µM) and RNase H (550 nM), with the smoothed black curve highlighting transitions between states (2 s running average). The binary trace on top denotes the idealized conformational states assigned as folded or unfolded based on position thresholding. B Zoomed-in view of the first 500 s of the raw trajectory shown in A. C Cumulative probability distributions of dwell times in the unfolded (τO) and folded (τC) states, fitted with a double-exponential model to extract characteristic lifetimes. Data were collected at 37 °C with a frame rate of 200 FPS. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
