Fig. 5: Relationships between baseline tract-BAG measures and cognitive performance at follow-ups.

A Data collection timeline for cognitive measures at follow-ups. School grade was measured at 2-year follow-up, while Emotional Stroop Task performance and math ability were assessed at 3-year follow-up. B Relationships between tract-based measures (with age-bias correction) and follow-up cognitive measures. Only the tract-based measures showing significant associations with cognitive measures are plotted. Effect sizes (\(\Delta {R}^{2}\)) were calculated based on the change in overall proportion of variance by adding the predictor into the covariates-only model. The color of each tract on the right side of the sub-panel corresponds to the GAM coefficient of tract-based BAGs with significance. Abbreviations: Stanford Mental Arithmetic Response Time Evaluation; STRP_Acc emotional Stroop task accuracy; GAM generalized additive model; AF Arcuate Fasciculus; FAT Frontal Aslant Tract; PAT Parietal Aslant Tract; SLF Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus; IFOF Inferior Fronto Occipital Fasciculus; ILF Inferior Longitudinal Fasciculus; UF Uncinate Fasciculus; MdLF Middle Longitudinal Fasciculus; C_FPH Cingulum Frontal Parahippocampal; C_FP Cingulum Frontal Parietal; C_PH Cingulum Parahippocampal; C_PHP Cingulum Parahippocampal Parietal; C_PO Cingulum Parolfactory; F Fornix; CST, Corticospinal Tract; OR Optic Radiation; VOF Vertical Occipital Fasciculus; TR_A Thalamic Radiation Anterior; TR_P Thalamic Radiation Posterior; TR_S Thalamic Radiation Superior; CS_A Corticostriatal Tract Anterior; CS_P Corticostriatal Tract Posterior; CS_S Corticostriatal Tract Superior; CC Corpus Callosum; CC_Body CC Body; CC_Major CC Forceps Major; CC_Minor CC Forceps Minor; CC_Tap CC Tapetum. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.