Fig. 1: Structural and compositional characterization of disordered ceria-based oxides.

a Schematic of synthesis process (TMs = transition metal ions, Ce-CP = Ce(TCA)2(OH)2·2H2O); b XRD patterns of CeO2, Mn-CeO2, MnNiCo-CeO2, and MnNiCoFe-CeO2 (intensities scaled identically); c comparison of XRD parameters; ADF-STEM images of 2D planar defects in MnNiCoFe-CeO2 (scale bar: 1 nm): d stacking faults and twinning, e screw dislocation; f ADF-STEM image of MnNiCoFe-CeO2; g SAED pattern; h STEM-EDS mapping of MnNiCoFe-CeO2.