Fig. 4: Control analyses: M1 TUS effects.
From: Rapid modulation of choice behavior by ultrasound on the human frontal eye fields
A Individual M1 localization. BOLD responses of left and right M1 for a single subject. Participants performed a functional localizer during the intake session in which they alternated between left- and right-hand tapping movements (index finger and thumb), allowing for individual localization of the hand area in M1. B Acoustic simulation of TUS wave propagation. Acoustic simulations of left and right M1 for a single subject are shown. The simulation depicts the estimated intracranial intensity (Isppa) with an intensity cutoff at the full width at half maximum (FWHM). C M1 TUS effects (n = 35). Choice-domain average effects. Gray dots represent individual participants’ average saccadic direction within the choice domain. Colored dots represent group means, error bars indicate the standard error of the mean (S.E.M.) with no statistically significant group effects observed. ns p > 0.1. D M1 TUS effects (n = 35). Stimulation of the left and right M1 did not result in significant shifts in contralateral saccades within the choice domain (highlighted in light blue, bottom). Compared to each other, left and right M1 stimulation showed no differences in saccadic direction. Data are binned for visualization purposes into bins of approximately equal numbers of trials, resulting in SOA intervals of [0], [8.3–25.0], [33.3–50.0], [58.3–75.0], [83.3–100.0], [108.3–141.7], and [150–200]. Bins are symmetric for negative values. Note that all inferential statistics were performed using continuous SOAs. Dots represent the group mean per bin, and error bars indicate the S.E.M. across participants. C, D Source data are provided as a Source Data file. Exact p values are presented in the main text. Statistical significance was determined using two-sided logistic mixed effects regressions. No multiple comparisons were applied.
