Fig. 4: Large-area LNEP for a wearable sensor.

a Photograph of wafer-scale patterned LMP film used for a wearable capacitive sensor array. b Photograph of a 72-channel (6 × 12) wearable capacitive sensor array based on LNEP. c Visualized taxel images from the capacitive sensor array when pressed. d Acquired capacitive signals from the sensor array when four different objects (key, finger, weight, coin) are pressed onto the sensor array. e Classification accuracy of object recognition using the capacitive sensor array through machine-learning based on a convolutional neural network (CNN). f Schematic illustration of the multifunctional wearable sensor. g Photograph of an on-skin multifunctional wearable sensor. h Photograph of LNEP lines bonded to a flexible flat cable (top) and the resistance measured before and after bonding with the flexible flat cable (bottom). i Real-time ECG signal collected with the LNEP wearable multifunctional sensor. j Real-time EMG signal collected with the LNEP wearable multifunctional sensor. k Current change of a glucose sensor according to the concentration of glucose. l Chronoamperometric responses of a glucose sensor according to the concentration of glucose.