Fig. 6: In vivo applications using LNEP.

a Schematic of the LNEP-based in vivo device for EMG recording and sciatic nerve electrical stimulation. Multi-wall carbon nanotubes were used as the surface electrode. b Schematic of sciatic nerve electrical stimulation with simultaneous EMG recording. c Photograph of the LNEP-based device attached to the sciatic nerve. d Photograph of leg movement depending on the stimulation voltage. e Normalized leg movement as a function of the stimulation voltage. f Recorded EMG signal during nerve stimulation at 50 Hz with an increase in the voltage level. g Recorded EMG signal during nerve stimulation at different frequencies of 2 Hz and 1 Hz. b was created in BioRender. Rachim, V. (2025) https://BioRender.com/xd13cby.