Fig. 3: Survival and stability of engineered probiotic in simulated GI environments. | Nature Communications

Fig. 3: Survival and stability of engineered probiotic in simulated GI environments.

From: Bioengineered ROS-tolerant probiotic reshapes gut microbiota-host axis to ameliorate type 2 diabetes in male mice

Fig. 3: Survival and stability of engineered probiotic in simulated GI environments.The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

a–c The TEM images of REcN (a), REcN-FOS (b), and REcN-FOS/CaCO3 (c), the red arrow indicates the FOS modification, the corresponding elemental maps showing the distribution of Ca (yellow), C (red), O (green), and N (blue). Scale bars: 500 nm. (n  =  3 independent samples). d–f Probiotic viability in SGF (d), SGF + SIF (e) and SGF + SIF + SICF (f). g •OH-scavenging ability of probiotic treated by SGF, SGF + SIF, and SGF + SIF + SICF, respectively, detected by DMPO probe. h–j Gene expression of IL-10 (h), IL-1β (i), and Tnf-α (j). k, l Representative IVIS images (k) and the corresponding intensity (l) of luminescence signals of the intestinal tracts after oral gavage of probiotics for 6 h. Data were obtained from independent samples (n = 3). Error bars represent the mean ± standard deviation, with exact p-values or significance level indicated as p < 0.0001 (****). A one-way analysis of variance with the Tukey multiple-comparisons test (d–f, l) or two-sample Student two-sided t test (h–j) was utilized for the statistical analysis. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

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