Fig. 1: Bacterial alterations in the gut microbiota of ASD from different family types. | Nature Communications

Fig. 1: Bacterial alterations in the gut microbiota of ASD from different family types.

From: Gut microbiome composition and strain-sharing in multiplex autism spectrum disorder families

Fig. 1: Bacterial alterations in the gut microbiota of ASD from different family types.The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

a Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) of gut microbiota composition based on Bray–Curtis dissimilarity, comparing ASD children from multiplex (ASD‑M), simplex (ASD‑S), and only‑child (ASD‑O) families with typically developing (TD) children. Group differences were assessed by PERMANOVA. b Diversity (Shannon Index) and richness of gut microbiota of ASD and TD children from different family types. In the box plots (embedded within violin plots), the center line represents the median; box bounds indicate the 25th and 75th percentiles; whiskers extend to the minima and maxima (within 1.5 times the interquartile range). Pairwise comparisons were performed using two-sided Wilcoxon rank‑sum tests with Benjamini–Hochberg correction. c Differentially abundant bacterial species associated with each ASD family type compared to TD, identified using multivariate linear models (MaAsLin2; significance threshold: p < 0.05, FDR < 0.2).

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