Fig. 4: Actuation mechanism of caterpillars-to-butterflies bionic system.
From: Biomimetic actuator crafted from a relaxor ferroelectric polymer nanocomposite
a Schematic illustrating the crawling mechanism of a bionic caterpillar actuator and the flight mechanism of a bionic butterfly actuator. b The crawling process of the bionic caterpillar actuator and c the take-off process of the bionic butterfly actuator under time-lapse photography. d Comparison of input power of two actuators in this work with other works in literature3,17,34,35,36,37,38,41,42. The applied electric field of the above actuators is 42 MV m−1.
