Fig. 3: Temporal release of diverse biomarkers by WNV-infected human cerebral organoids.
From: A human cerebral organoid model of West Nile virus encephalitis shows innate immunocompetency
Screening of supernatants of WNV-infected human cerebral organoids for cytokines, chemokines and other biomarkers in the early phase until 14 dpi (2 independent experiments) and the late phase until 28 dpi (1 experiment) using a bead-based LegendPlexTM assay. Early phase and late phase responses were analyzed individually using a mixed-effects model (REML) with Šídák’s multiple comparisons method for the differences between infected organoids and uninfected controls. A statistically significant increase is marked by a solid line (p < 0.05). Non-significant results between significant comparisons are marked by a dashed line (p > 0.05). C-C motif chemokine 17 (CCL17). C-C motif chemokine 2 (CCL2). C-X3-C motif chemokine 1 (CX3CL1). C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10). Brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF). Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist protein (IL-1RA). Interleukin 6 (IL-6). Interleukin 18 (IL-18). Soluble receptor for advanced glycosylation end products (sRAGE). Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (sTREM-1). Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Controls n = 11–45 per timepoint. Infected n = 12–47 per timepoint (see Methods for details). Source data are provided as a Source Data file. Exact sample sizes are provided in Source Data file.
