Fig. 4: Grouping of human WNV-infected human cerebral organoids.

As the infection of human cerebral organoids with WNV resulted in heterogeneous growth kinetics, subgrouping was performed based on two factors. First, their morphology, hence the presence (ChP) or absence (Cer) of choroid plexus structures. Second, the observed course of infection. The bimodal distribution of viral peak time points (n = 30) was analyzed using a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) with two components. Type A (Early peak): μ = 3.17, σ = 0.78, weight=0.56. Type B (Late peak): μ = 11.65, σ = 2.72, weight = 0.44. Due to biological reasons, two organoids were manually assigned to Type B (for details see Methods). The resulting groups include organoids that either reached their highest viral titer until 4 dpi (Type A;) or later until 14 dpi (Type B). Partially created in BioRender. Steffen, J. F. (2026) https://BioRender.com/vufhjff. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.