Fig. 9: Characterization of gigabit backscatter link performance as a function of range.

a Mean Measured Received Power of the Lens-Enabled mmID and its R−3.2 Curve Fit with Respect to Range at Angle of Incidence = 0°. b Measured Demodulated Gigabit Backscatter QPSK Constellation at Range = 2 m and Angle of Incidence = 0°. c Measured Demodulated Gigabit Backscatter QPSK Constellation at Range = 20 m and Angle of Incidence = 0°. d Mean Measured Received Power of the Lens-Enabled mmID and its R−3.2 Curve Fit with Respect to Range at Angle of Incidence = 55°. e Measured Demodulated Gigabit Backscatter QPSK Constellation at Range = 2 m and Angle of Incidence = 55°. f Measured Demodulated Gigabit Backscatter QPSK Constellation at Range = 20 m and Angle of Incidence = 55°.