Fig. 1: Schematic illustration of MDMOC for tumor diagnosis and therapy.

A Overview of the clinical application of MDMOC. The MDMOC is precisely navigated using a magnet-equipped robotic arm system under real-time DSA imaging guidance, enabling the diagnosis and treatment of suspected tumor lesions at multiple sites. B Integration of multimodal electrochemical biosensors with flexible magnetic navigation enables accurate identification of tumor boundaries and analysis of spatial distribution. C Mechanism of integrated diagnosis and therapy at the tumor sites using the MDMOC, which features multimodal electrochemical biosensing and enhanced in situ PDT. D The MDMOC exhibits excellent magnetic responsiveness and flexibility, allowing agile magnetic navigation. E Illustration of the main components of the MDMOC.