Fig. 6: In vivo tumor diagnosis and therapy using MDMOC.

A Schematic of tumor model establishment, treatment, and detection timeline. B Illustration of MDMOC detection in normal liver and tumor tissues. C Comparative analysis of detection results between normal and tumor tissues. D Body weight records during treatment. n = 5 animals per group. Data are shown as mean ± s.d. E Fluorescence intensity of orthotopic liver tumors under different treatments. Data are shown as mean ± s.d.; n = 5 animals per group. P = 0.0013 (Control vs Transdermal), P = 0.00035 (Control vs MDMOC), and P = 0.032 (Transdermal vs MDMOC). F Survival curves during the treatment period. G Optical images of mouse livers at the end of the treatment cycle. H Histological and immunohistochemical analyses of tumor tissues at the end of the treatment cycle, including H&E, Ki67, and TUNEL (green: apoptotic cells; blue: cell nuclei). I–K Quantification of H&E, Ki67, and TUNEL results. Data are shown as mean ± s.d.; n = 3 animals per group. Exact P values (Control vs Transdermal, Control vs MDMOC, Transdermal vs MDMOC): H&E (0.036, 0.00093, 0.034), Ki67 (0.0022, 0.00046, 0.0019), TUNEL (0.002, 0.0002, 0.0028).