Fig. 4: Influence of reconstruction on the activity of Alkyne Semi-Hydrogenation on Pd/CeO2.

a Catalytic performance of the semi-hydrogenation of MBY over the Pd/CeO2-Tcalc catalyst series. Reaction conditions: 1.02 mmol MBY, 20 mg catalyst, 5 mL ethanol, 35 °C, 1 bar H2, 1000 rpm. b, d Correlation between W values of Pd species and the catalytic performance and reaction orders for MBY over the Pd/CeO2 catalyst series. c Reaction orders of MBY over the Pd/CeO2 catalysts. e Adsorption energies of MBY on different sites of Pd19/CeO2 and Pd16/CeO2. f Three-dimensional plot depicting the relationship among Pdδ⁺, W value, and cycling stability (conversion difference after 5 cycles) for Pd/CeO2-500, Pd/CeO2-uncalcined, PdNP-3.7/CeO2-500, and PdNP-3.7/CeO2-uncalcined catalysts; X/Y axes are W value and Pdδ⁺ content, respectively, and Z axis is conversion difference.