Abstract
Vertical integration of two-dimensional materials holds tremendous potential for integrated sensing, memory, and computing applications, yet it still confronts challenges such as single device functionality, limited in-memory logic capability, and high power consumption. To address these issues, we propose an asymmetric van der Waals integration strategy based on an In₂Se₃/MoOₓ/MoS₂/graphene heterojunction, which integrates five reconfigurable logic gates (AND, OR, NOT, NOR, and NAND), dual-mode photodetection (~10 fA dark current, a high responsivity of 89.3 mA/W and a specific detectivity of 1.4 × 10¹¹Jones), and low-power neurosynaptic functions (7-bit conductance states, subfemtojoule energy consumption) into a single device. By virtue of these characteristics, the device enables high-precision image recognition, simulation of classical Pavlovian conditioning and single-pixel dual-band optical imaging. This work paves a feasible path for the development of multifunctionally integrated sensor-memory-computing devices.
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The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author on request.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by The National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFB3609900(Y.W.), The National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 92464303(J.H.), U23A20364(J.H.), 12574128(Y.W.), 12274119(S.L.), 62134001(Y.W.), U25A20499(R.C.)).
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J.Z. and Y.W. contributed equally to this work. J.H. and S.L. supervised the project, while J.Z. and Y.W. conceived and designed the experiments. J.Z. was responsible for device fabrication, photoelectrical performance measurement, and analysis. J.C. was in charge of device characterization. Data analysis and manuscript preparation were carried out by J.Z. and Y.W. in consultation with all other authors, including C.C., S.Y., H.Z., R.C., and L.Y.
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Zhi, J., Wen, Y., Chen, J. et al. Ferroelectricity-modulated asymmetric van der Waals heterostructure for ultralow-power neuromorphic synapse and logic-in-memory operations. Nat Commun (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-70668-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-70668-w
