Fig. 3: Investigation into the exceptional properties of BdMI.
From: Implantable soft bladder-machine interface for neurogenic bladder dysfunction
a SEM images of BdMI under isotropic stretching at 0%, 300%, and 800%. b Surface roughness of electrodes under varying isotropic strain (n = 3 independent experiments, data are presented as mean ± SD). c Cross-sectional view of the electrode after encapsulation. d Optical microscope image showcasing changes in gold film morphology as the thickness of the elastic substrate decreases from 300 to 10 μm. Front and cross-sectional SEM images of two isotropically stretchable electrodes based on Solaris substrate, with the following fabrication parameters: e gold film thickness of 400 nm, evaporation rate of 10 Å s−1, and f gold film thickness of 1000 nm, evaporation rate of 50 Å s−1. g SEM images of BdMI at various magnifications, in comparison of the typical Turing pattern (h). i 3D and front view of the Turing pattern simulated based on following parameters: F = 0.035, K = 0.06, Du = 0.00002, Dv = 0.00001 (see Text S1). Experiments were repeated independently (a, c, e–h) three times with similar results.
