Fig. 4: Sensation-related and running-related neurons in the TeA.
a Top, schematic of the recording setup (R: pipette) during delivery of sound, light, and air-puff stimuli. Running speed was monitored via a rotary encoder. Bottom, a recorded running-related neuron (R-neuron) labelled with biocytin. b Similar to Fig. 1m, analysis of turntable running model in (a). P < 0.0001, two-sided Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. c Characteristics of a representative R-neuron in TeA. d Top, raster plots and running speed for individual trials in response to three sensory stimuli in (c). Bottom, PSTH of firing activity. e Similar to (d), responses to spontaneous running events. f CCF analysis of (c), assessed by permutation test (1000 circular shuffles of speed). rmax was significant (P < 0.001, two-sided). g Gaussian-fitted distributions of CCF parameters from all significant TeA R-neurons. (P < 0.0001, F test). h A representative SR-neuron. Dashed lines mark sensory stimuli that did not induce running, used to analyze stimulus-firing correlation. i Same as (c) but for example SR-neuron (h) responses to sound. j Similar to (i), but for example unSR-neuron (m). k Similar to (f), analysis of (h) (P < 0.01, two-sided permutation test). l Similar to (g), analysis of all recorded SR-neurons. (P < 0.0001, F test). m A representative unSR-neuron. n Similar to (k), analysis of (m) (P < 10-6, two-side permutation test). o Similar to (l), analysis of all recorded unSR-neurons. p–r Summary of the rmax (p), depth (q) and peak spike rate (r). (*P < 0.05, ****P < 0.0001, one-way ANOVA with the Tukey’s correction). s–t Summary of the stimulus–firing latency (s) and stimulus–running latency (t) for each type of neuron. (**P < 0.01, ****P < 0.0001, two-sided Mann‒Whitney U-test or two-sample t-test). u Firing–running time difference. (****P < 0.0001, Kruskal‒Wallis one‒way ANOVA with the Bonferroni correction). Violin plots with inner box plot elements: quartiles (dashed), min/max (edges), mean (center solid line). Data are presented as mean ± SD. (Source data are provided as a Source Data file; see Supplementary Data 1 for detailed statistics).
