Fig. 5: Monolithic integration of the dual-cell microbattery and actuators.
From: A bioinspired microdevice unifying energy storage and actuation through hydration control
a Flow patterns generated by the PPy micro-actuator driven by a dual-cell microbattery. Scale bars: 250 µm. Yellow particles: 3-μm fluorescent microspheres. b Optical image of the precursor thin films consisting of two sub-batteries and four PPy actuators, which self-folds into c a monolithically integrated 3D device. Each leg measures 820 µm long, 166 µm wide. Scale bars: 500 µm. d Optical images of flapping motions of PPy oscillators driven by the local microbattery. Scale bar: 500 µm.
