Fig. 3: Durability of MARS-treated fabrics under mechanical stress.

Contact angle variations follow repeated abrasion cycles using the Martindale (a) and Taber abrasion (b) methods. c Contact angle variations of the treated fabrics during sand abrasion cycles. d Radar chart for comparing primary sensory indices from the fabric touch tester results of untreated, MARS-treated, and Capstone-FS-treated fabrics. The physical indicators include fabric compression, bending, surface roughness, and surface friction. Detailed indicators are shown in Supplementary Table 2. e Running induces wear on T-shirts. f Shoulder-strap friction wear test of treated T-shirts under backpack mesh pressure for 600,000 cycles. g Contact angle variations of the knitted fabrics during stretch-release cycles. h Contact angle variations during the scrub resistance test. i Contact angle and peeling force variations with tape peeling-off cycles. j Treadmill continuous walking frictional wear test for 15,000 steps at 51.3 kPa of pressure. k The variation of the contact angle difference between the Capstone-FS and MARS-modified fabrics after walking 15,000 steps. Data in (a–c, f–i, k) are shown as mean ± SD, and the error bar represents SD (n = 5). Source data for (a–c, f–i, k) are provided as a Source Data file. Photo credit of sand abrasion performance in (c): Z.L., Chinese Academy of Sciences.