Fig. 4: Superhydrophobic performance under environmental and thermal stress conditions. | Nature Communications

Fig. 4: Superhydrophobic performance under environmental and thermal stress conditions.

From: One-step fabrication of superhydrophobic fabrics with stable mechanical performance in harsh conditions

Fig. 4: Superhydrophobic performance under environmental and thermal stress conditions.The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

a Hot water droplets bounce up to three times. b Resistance to hot water jets on MARS-modified fabrics. c The MARS-modified fabrics repel hot coffee (100 °C, 9 bar pressure, 150 mL), confirming consistent water-repellent performance. d Durability under alternating extreme temperature cycles of liquid nitrogen (−196 °C) and hot water (95 °C) exhibits no loss of repellency. e Experimental setup of high-temperature steam ironing (160 °C). f MARS-modified fabrics can withstand high-temperature steam (160 °C) and repel water droplets soon after steam ironing. g Stability of the air layer at the fabric-water interface of the MARS-modified legging. h Entrapped air layer, visualized under water flow velocities of 2.0 m·s–1, confirmed by light reflection. Drag reduction of MARS-modified fabrics. Data in (i) is shown as mean ± SD and the error bar represents SD (n = 3). Source data for (i) are provided as a Source Data file. Photo credit of sand abrasion performance in (e–f): Z.L., Chinese Academy of Sciences.

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