Fig. 5: IPANP + Laser treatment induced systemic and durable anti-tumor immunity.

a Schematic illustration of the experimental schedule. Created in BioRender. Zonghe, L. (2026) https://BioRender.com/48gbeau. Tumor growth profiles of primary tumors (b) and distant tumors (c) in 4T1-tumor-bearing BALB/c mice after different treatments. (n = 6 mice per group). d, e Representative flow cytometry plots and quantitative analysis of tumor-infiltrating CD8⁺ in CD3⁺ T cells (n = 6 mice per group). f Scheme of experimental design. Created in BioRender. Zonghe, L. (2026) https://BioRender.com/48gbeau. g In vivo bioluminescence imaging of 4T1 lung metastasis models after treatment (n = 3 mice per group). h Ex vivo bioluminescence imaging, photographs, and H&E staining of excised lungs after different treatments (n = 3 mice per group). Scale bar: 2 mm. i Quantitative analysis of bioluminescence signal of excised lungs after different treatments (n = 3 mice per group). j Number of lung metastasis of 4T1 lung metastasis models in different groups (n = 3 mice per group). k Schematic illustration of the treatment schedule. Created in BioRender. Zonghe, L. (2026) https://BioRender.com/48gbeau. l Average tumor growth curves after tumor rechallenge (n = 4 mice per group). m Survival curves of mice after tumor rechallenge (n = 4 mice per group). n, o Representative images of flow cytometry and quantification of central memory (CD44^highCD62L^high) and effector memory (CD44^highCD62L^low) CD8⁺ T cells (CD3⁺CD8⁺) in the TDLN and spleen (n = 4 mice per group). Statistical significance was determined using unpaired two-tailed t-test in (l, n-o), log-rank test in (m), one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison tests in (d, e, i, j), and a two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison tests in (b, c). The results are presented as mean ± standard deviation (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001). Source data are provided as a Source data file.