Fig. 1: Concept of F substituent coordination inducing oxidation-reduction molecular organic junction to promote carrier separation.

a Separated oxidation-reduction centers promoting catalytic reaction with carrier separation at the dual active site. D and A: Donor and acceptor molecule. D+ and A−: Donor cation and acceptor anion. b The proposed structures of oxidation-reduction sites. c Gradual increase in the number of F substitutions to tune the oxidation-reduction sites of CTFs.