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High-mobility inertial domain walls driven by spin-transfer torque in a ferrimagnetic spinel oxide
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  • Published: 31 March 2026

High-mobility inertial domain walls driven by spin-transfer torque in a ferrimagnetic spinel oxide

  • Mingxing Wu  ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-6463-67751,
  • Shilei Ding  ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-5534-69011,
  • Laura van Schie1,2,
  • Shenghao Cai3,
  • Yuhao Qiu3,
  • Ao Du1,
  • Alexander E. Kossak  ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-9233-14451,
  • Rui Wu  ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-2010-59614,
  • Christian L. Degen  ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-2432-43012,
  • Xuegang Chen  ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-3084-86813,5 &
  • …
  • Pietro Gambardella  ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-0031-92171 

Nature Communications , Article number:  (2026) Cite this article

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We are providing an unedited version of this manuscript to give early access to its findings. Before final publication, the manuscript will undergo further editing. Please note there may be errors present which affect the content, and all legal disclaimers apply.

Subjects

  • Electronic and spintronic devices
  • Information storage
  • Magnetic devices
  • Spintronics

Abstract

Efficient electrical manipulation of domain walls is key to developing magnetic devices with fast switching capabilities and low energy consumption. Here we demonstrate Bloch-type domain wall velocities exceeding 1 km s−1 in the single-layer ferrimagnetic spinel oxide NiCo2O4 induced by spin-transfer torque at a current density of 2 × 1011 A m−2. This exceptional domain wall mobility is attributed to the combination of giant nonadiabatic spin-transfer torque, low magnetization, and high spin polarization. Additionally, we report a pronounced domain wall inertia effect in this ferrimagnet due to the large nonadiabaticity of the torque. The characteristic time for domain wall acceleration and deceleration is ~ 1 ns, shorter than that reported for typical ferromagnets. Our findings highlight the potential of spinel oxides as a promising platform for engineering high-performance domain wall devices that take advantage of ultrafast ferrimagnetic dynamics.

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Data availability

The supporting data for this article is openly available from the ETH Research Collection (10.3929/ethz-b-000740603).

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Acknowledgements

This work was partially funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (Grants No. 200021-236524 and 200020-212051), by the National Science Foundation of China (Grants No. 12241401), the Scientific Research Foundation of the Higher Education Institutions for Distinguished Young Scholars in Anhui Province (Grants No. 2022AH020012), and the National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFB3506000), by the facilities at Center of Free Electron Laser & High Magnetic Field (FEL&HMF) in Anhui University. A.E.K acknowledges support from the ETH Zurich Postdoctoral Fellowship Programme (24-1 FEL-038).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

    Mingxing Wu, Shilei Ding, Laura van Schie, Ao Du, Alexander E. Kossak & Pietro Gambardella

  2. Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

    Laura van Schie & Christian L. Degen

  3. Center of Free Electron Laser & High Magnetic Field, and Leibniz International Joint Research Center of Materials Sciences of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei, China

    Shenghao Cai, Yuhao Qiu & Xuegang Chen

  4. Spin-X Institute, School of Physics and Optoelectronics, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China

    Rui Wu

  5. State Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Acquisition and Protection Technology, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetic Functional Materials and Devices, Anhui University, Hefei, China

    Xuegang Chen

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  1. Mingxing Wu
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Contributions

M.W., S.D., X.C., and P.G. conceived the project. S.C., Y.Q., R.W., and X.C. grew and characterized NCO thin films. L.V.S., C.L.D., and M.W. performed NV measurements. M.W., S.D., A.D., and A.E.K. measured domain wall dynamics. M.W., S.D., X.C., and P.G. wrote the manuscript. All authors discussed the data and commented on the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Mingxing Wu, Xuegang Chen or Pietro Gambardella.

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Wu, M., Ding, S., van Schie, L. et al. High-mobility inertial domain walls driven by spin-transfer torque in a ferrimagnetic spinel oxide. Nat Commun (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-71290-6

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  • Received: 02 July 2025

  • Accepted: 18 March 2026

  • Published: 31 March 2026

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-71290-6

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