Fig. 3: β-cells deficient for TBL/R1 are distinct in their transcriptional signature in comparison to control β-cells.

a UMAP plot showing data structure of single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data of islets from normoglycemic TBL/RβKO and control mice (pooled from 4 mice/group) at the age of 5 weeks. Endocrine cell populations are labeled based on islet cell identity using known marker genes (glucagon (Gcg), insulin (Ins1), pancreatic polypeptide y (Ppy), somatostatin (Sst), multiple markers (Mixed)). Non-endocrine cells were summarized in one cell population. Each dot represents one cell. b Bar graph showing the total number of the 4 major islet cell types in TBL/RβKO and control mice identified by scRNA-seq. c Pie chart showing the relative abundance of the 4 major islet cell types and polyhormonal cells (Mixed) in TBL/RβKO and control mice identified by scRNA-seq. d UMAP plot showing clustering within the β-cell population highlighted in (a), which resulted in 6 distinct clusters. e Most significantly up- and downregulated genes in cluster 4 in comparison to the other β-cell clusters. Color indicates average expression, dot size indicates the percentage of cells found to express the indicated gene. f Semantic similarity network of β-cell heterogeneity terms with statistical analysis of aggregated gene expression into module scores between β-cells from TBL/RβKO and control mice. Edge weights indicate similarities between terms, color indicates effect size and direction, and dot size indicates significance between the experimental groups. g Ridgeline plot showing the module score of genes associated with β-cell maturity within the different clusters identified in (c) in control and TBL/RβKO mice.