Fig. 1: Average annual percentage changes, relative to baseline conditions, in local plant diversity indices across all time series. | Nature Communications

Fig. 1: Average annual percentage changes, relative to baseline conditions, in local plant diversity indices across all time series.

From: Habitat-specific trends in taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity in European plant communities over a century

Fig. 1: Average annual percentage changes, relative to baseline conditions, in local plant diversity indices across all time series.The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

Numbers in boxes show weighted average trends in percent per year. Dotted boxes indicate non-significant trends from separate Student's t tests at p > 0.05 (c.f., Supplementary Table 3). Horizontal lines below boxes show corresponding Wald-approximated 95% confidence intervals, calculated as weighted average ± 1.96 * standard error. Plant traits used to calculate functional diversity indices: plant height, stem diameter, rooting depth, specific root length, specific fine root length, leaf carbon to nitrogen ratio, leaf phosphorus content, leaf dry matter content, leaf area, leaf thickness, specific leaf area, stem conduit density, stem conduit diameter, and seed mass. Symbols: i – focal species, pi – proportion of focal species, ni – number of focal species, S – number of species, XtS – trait × species matrix, PEWij – partial weighed evenness between species i and j, ∆d – sum of abundance-weighted deviances, \(\overline{{dG}}\) – mean distance of all species to the centre of trait gravity, ∆|d | – absolute abundance-weighted deviances from the centre of gravity, bi – phylogenetic branch length of focal species, dij – phylogenetic distance between species i and j.

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