Fig. 3: Effect of community notes on the cumulative repost count of misleading posts on X (formerly Twitter).

a The changes in the ratio of the reduction of reposts relative to the predicted overall repost count over the response time from post creation to note display (circles; grouped within 1-h windows). The error band represents 99% CIs derived using the bootstrap method for 1000 resamples. The grey band ranges between the mean and the median of the ratio of the reduction. b The estimated cumulative count of reposts that community notes prevents at different post ages. The error band represents 99% CIs derived using the bootstrap method for 1000 resamples. c CCDFs showing the actually observed repost count for source posts with displayed community notes and the predicted repost count that the source posts would have received in the absence of community notes display. d The estimated overall reduction in reposts if all posts with community notes would have been displayed simultaneously from 2 to 36 h after post creation. Statistical significance (^*p < 0.01; ^**p < 0.005; and ^***p < 0.001) was calculated using two-tailed KS tests (see detailed results in Table S33 and Supplementary Note 8).