Extended Data Fig. 5: Identification and verification of structural variation.

a, Synteny and rearrangement plot for six oat species, including three hexaploid cultivated oat, A. sterilis, A. longiglumis (AA) and A. insularis (CCDD). b, Verification of SVs. The short-read data were used to validate the borders of deletions randomly selected between Marvellous and A. sterilis genome. c, Schematic diagrams of the distribution of inversion between Marvellous and A. sterilis geome (x-axis: A. sterilis, y-axis: Marvellous). Red box represented the inverted segments relative to A. sterilis. d, Illustration of inversion identified between Marvellous and A. sterilis genome by Hi-C contact map. Chromatin interaction heatmap revealed inversion signals appearing after manual flipping. These maps supported the inversions in chromosome 1C, 2C, 3A, 3C and 4C. e, The validation of inversion borders by PCR amplification. This experiment was repeated independently at least three times with similar results.