Extended Data Fig. 6: Soil fungi in the rhizosphere of HAC-exposed maize receiver plants.
a, The phytohormone concentrations in the rhizosphere soil of receiver plants after HAC exposure. Data are presented as mean + SEM. The exact number of biological replicates is indicated on each bar. Data points represent individual replicate samples. Asterisks denote significant differences between treatments (two-sided Student’s t test, *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01). Raw data and exact P values for all comparisons in this panel are provided in the Source Data. b, The information of lox8 maize mutant. Diagram of genomic structure of ZmLOX8 gene with transposon insertion indicated. Bars indicate exons and lines represent introns. Scale bar represents 100 bp. c–e, Concentrations of 12-oxophytodienoic acid (OPDA, c), jasmonic acid (JA, d), and JA-isoleucine (JA-Ile, e) in wild-type (WT) and lox8 mutant plants after HAC exposure. Data are presented as mean + SEM. The exact number of biological replicates is indicated on each bar. Data points represent individual replicate samples. Asterisks denote significant differences between treatments (ANOVA followed by pairwise comparisons of FDR-corrected LSMeans, *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001). Raw data and exact P values for all comparisons in this panel are provided in the Source Data. FW, fresh weight. f, Shannon index of fungal communities in the rhizosphere of control (Con)- or HAC-exposed maize receiver plants There are eight biological replicates for each treatment. Data points represent individual replicate samples. g, Unconstrained PCoA with Bray-Curtis distance showing that the rhizosphere fungal communities of Con-exposed maize receiver plants separate from those of HAC-exposed receiver plants in the first axis (P < 0.01, permutational multivariate analysis of variance [PERMANOVA] by Adonis). There are eight biological replicates for each treatment. Data points represent individual replicate samples. h–i, Phylum- (g) and genus (h)-level distribution of fungus communities in the rhizosphere of Con- and HAC-exposed WT receiver plants. There are eight biological replicates for each treatment. j, Manhattan plot showing fungal OTUs enriched in the rhizosphere of Con- or HAC-exposed receiver plants. Each dot or triangle represents a single OTU. OTUs enriched in Con- or HAC-exposed soil are represented by filled or empty triangles, respectively. Differential OTU abundance was analyzed using two-sided Wilcoxon rank-sum tests, with P values corrected by the FDR method (P < 0.05). OTUs are arranged in taxonomic order and colored according to the phylum. CPM, counts per million. k, Rhizofungal co-occurrence networks of Con- and HAC-exposed receiver plants. The networks were constructed based on Spearman correlation analysis of taxonomic profiles (P < 0.05). The nodes in the network represent genus and links indicate potential microbial interactions. Node size is proportional to degree. l, Soil microbiota topological features of co-occurrence networks in the rhizosphere of Con- or HAC-exposed receiver plants. NaN, not a Number.
