Extended Data Fig. 7: The influence of soil bacteria on plant growth and resistance.

a–l, Shoot biomass (a–d), larval weight gain (e–h), and leaf damage (i–l) of wild-type (WT) maize plants inoculated with 18 bacterial strains which correspond to the OTUs that are enriched in the rhizosphere of HAC-exposed plants. Data are presented as mean + SEM. The exact number of biological replicates is indicated on each bar. Data points represent individual replicate samples. Asterisks denote significant differences between bacteria inoculation and buffer treatments (two-sided Student’s t test, *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001). m–n, Bacteria complementation restores HAC-triggered PSF effects. Shoot biomass (m) and caterpillar weight gain (n) of WT maize plants growing in soils of control (Con)-exposed receiver plants. The soils were individually complemented with different bacteria strains. Data are presented as mean + SEM. The exact number of biological replicates is indicated on each bar. Data points represent individual replicate samples. Different letters denote significant differences between treatments (ANOVA followed by multiple comparisons of FDR-corrected LSMeans, P < 0.05). Raw data and exact P values for all comparisons in this figure are provided in the Source Data.